Understanding the Price to Earnings Ratio (P/E Ratio)

January 23, 2024

The price to earnings ratio, or P/E ratio, helps you understand if a stock is fairly priced. It compares the stock price to how much profit the company earns.


How It Works

The P/E ratio is calculated by dividing the stock price by the earnings per share (EPS).


P/E = Price per Share ÷ Earnings per Share

If a stock is trading at 50 dollars and the company earns 5 dollars per share, the P/E ratio is 10. That means you are paying 10 dollars for every 1 dollar the company earns each year.


What the P/E Ratio Tells You

  • A low P/E (for example, 8 or 10) may suggest the stock is cheap or undervalued
  • A high P/E (for example, 30 or 40) may suggest the stock is expensive or investors expect big growth

However, different industries have different average P/E ratios. A tech company like Nvidia might have a P/E of 35, while a bank like Westpac might have a P/E around 12.


Example

Company A has a share price of 20 dollars and earns 2 dollars per share.
Company B has a share price of 40 dollars and earns 1 dollar per share.

  • Company A: P/E = 20 ÷ 2 = 10
  • Company B: P/E = 40 ÷ 1 = 40

Company A is cheaper in terms of earnings. But Company B might be growing faster, which explains the higher P/E.


Key Takeaways

  • The P/E ratio compares stock price to company earnings
  • A lower P/E may signal better value, but context matters
  • Use the P/E ratio to compare companies in the same industry
  • It is a useful starting point, not a complete answer
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